Category: Design

Remember the kludges needed to make OSPF NSSA areas work correctly? We concluded that saga by showing how the rules of RFC 3101 force a poor ASBR to choose an IP address on one of its OSPF-enabled interfaces as a forwarding address to be used in Type-7 LSA.

What could possibly go wrong with such a “simple” concept?

In my initial OSPF Forwarding Address blog post, I described a common Forwarding Address (FA) use case (at least as preached on the Internet): two ASBRs connected to a single external subnet with route redistributing configured only on one of them.

That design is clearly broken from the reliability perspective, but are there other designs where OSPF FA might make sense?

One of the quotes I found in the Mythical Man-Month came from the pre-GPS days: “never go to sea with two chronometers, take one or three”, and it’s amazing the networking industry (and a few others) never got the message.

I was discussing a totally unrelated topic with Terry Slattery when he mentioned a quote from the Mythical Man-Month. It got me curious, I started exploring and found out I can get the book as part of my Safari subscription.

One of my readers designing a new data center fabric that has to provide L2 transport across the data center sent me this observation:

While we don’t have plans to seek an open solution in our DC we are considering ACI or VXLAN with EVPN. Our systems integrator partner expressed a view that VXLAN is still very new. Would you share that view?

Assuming he wants to stay with Cisco, what are the other options?

Dinesh Dutt was the guest speaker in the second Leaf-and-Spine Fabric Design session. After I explained how you can use ARP/ND information to build a layer-3-only data center fabric that still supports IP address mobility Dinesh described the details of Cumulus Linux redistribute ARP functionality and demoed how it works in a live data center.

One of my readers was watching the Building Active-Active Data Centers webinar and sent me this question:

I’m wondering if you have additional info on how to address the ingress traffic flow issue? The egress is well explained but the ingress issue wasn’t as well explained.

There’s a reason for that: there’s no good answer.

A while ago I wrote:

I haven’t seen any hard data, but intuition suggests that apart from hardware failures a standalone firewall might be more stable than a state-sharing firewall cluster.

Guillaume Sachot (working for a web hosting company) sent me his first-hand experience on this topic:

Our Data Center optimization journey has finished. We virtualized the workload, got rid of legacy technologies, reduced the number of server uplinks, replaced storage arrays with distributed file system and replaced physical firewalls and load balancers with virtual appliances.

Let’s see what’s left: it turns out you really don’t need more than two switches in most data centers.

I encountered an ancient problem during one of my ExpertExpress engagements:

• Customer network is split into two autonomous systems (core and access);
• Links within access network are way slower than links within core network;
• Customer would like to have optimal core-to-access traffic flow.

Challenge: what’s the simplest possible configuration to get it done?