Category: BGP

BGP as a Better IGP? When and Where?

A while ago I helped a large enterprise redesign their data center fabric. They did a wonderful job optimizing their infrastructure, so all they really needed were two switches in each location.

Some vendors couldn’t fathom that. One of them proposed to build a “future-proof” (and twice as expensive) leaf-and-spine fabric with two leaves and two spines. On top of that they proposed to use EBGP as the only routing protocol because draft-lapukhov-bgp-routing-large-dc – a clear case of missing the customer needs.

read more see 10 comments

Improving BGP Convergence without Tweaking BGP Timers

One of the perks of my online courses is the lifetime access to course Slack team, and you’d amazed by the variety of questions asked there. Not so long ago I got one on BGP timers:

The BGP timers I’m using in my network are 5 and 15 seconds, and I am not sure if it's a good practice to reduce them even more.

You should always ask yourself this set of questions before tweaking a nerd knob:

read more see 7 comments

Video: Simplify BGP Configurations

Running BGP instead of an IGP in your leaf-and-spine fabric sounds interesting (mainly if your fabric is large enough). Configuring a zillion BGP knobs on every box doesn’t.

However, BGP doesn’t have to be complex. In the Simplify BGP Configurations video (part of leaf-and-spine fabric designs webinar) Dinesh Dutt explains how you can make BGP configurations simple and easy-to-understand.

see 3 comments

How I Started Hating Automatic Context Switching in Cisco IOS

Here’s a trick question:

To implement this request you use the following configuration commands (plenty of other commands removed because they don’t impact the results):

router bgp 64500
 address-family ipv4
  maximum-paths ibgp 32
  maximum-paths 32
  neighbor 192.168.0.4 next-hop-self
  neighbor 192.168.0.1 next-hop-self
 address-family vpnv4
  maximum-paths ibgp 32
  maximum-paths 32
  no neighbor 192.168.0.4 next-hop-self
  no neighbor 192.168.0.1 next-hop-self

Try to figure out what the end-result will be without connecting to a router or reading the rest of this blog post.

Ok, here’s what totally threw me off (and wasted an hour of my life): next-hop-self is removed from neighbors in the IPv4 address family. Here’s why:

  • There is no maximum-paths ibgp command in VPNv4 address family;
  • The moment you enter maximum-paths ibgp command the configuration parser exits the address-family vpnv4 context and enters router bgp context;
  • Because the ipv4 address family is the default context within router bgp (for legacy reasons) all the subsequent commands are executed within the address-family ipv4 context removing next-hop self from neighbors in IPv4 address family.

No wonder David Barroso named his library NAPALM (you’ll find the full story in this or this podcast).

see 6 comments

Generating OSPF, BGP and MPLS/VPN Configurations from Network Data Model

Over a month ago I decided to create a lab network to figure out how to solve an interesting Inter-AS MPLS/VPN routing challenge. Instead of configuring half a dozen routers I decided to develop a fully-automated deployment because it will make my life easier.

I finally got to a point where OSPF, LDP, BGP (IPv4 and VPNv4) and MPLS/VPN configurations are created, deployed and verified automatically.

read more see 6 comments

Why Would I Use BGP and not OSPF between Servers and the Network?

While we were preparing for the Cumulus Networks’ Routing on Hosts webinar Dinesh Dutt sent me a message along these lines:

You categorically reject the use of OSPF, but we have a couple of customers using it quite happily. I’m sure you have good reasons, and the reasons you list [in the presentation] are ones I agree with. OTOH, why not use totally stubby areas with hosts in such an area?

How about:

read more see 7 comments

Running BGP between Virtual Machine and ToR Switch

One of my readers left this question on the blog post resurfacing the idea of running BGP between servers and ToR switches:

When using BGP on a VM for mobility, what is the best way to establish a peer relationship with a new TOR switch after a live migration? The VM won't inherently know the peer address or the ASN.

As always, the correct answer is it depends.

read more see 7 comments

Using BGP in Leaf-and-Spine Fabrics

In the Leaf-and-Spine Fabric Designs webinar series we started with the simplest possible design: non-redundant server connectivity with bridging within a ToR switch and routing across the fabric.

After I explained the basics (including routing protocol selection, route summarization, link aggregation and addressing guidelines), Dinesh Dutt described how network architects use BGP when building leaf-and-spine fabrics.

add comment
Sidebar