In a previous post I've described how you can use neighbor local-as feature to fix AS-number mismatch between adjacent autonomous systems. However, without additional options, the local-as is inserted in the AS-path of incoming BGP updates before any inbound filters. Your inbound filters thus have to match the local-as as well.

Consider, for example, the following configuration:

router bgp 65001
 neighbor 10.1.0.2 remote-as 10
 neighbor 10.1.0.2 local-as 20
 neighbor 10.1.0.2 filter-list 1 in
!
ip as-path access-list 1 permit ^10$

Although the configuration looks correct, no routes are accepted from AS 10, as the inbound AS-path always contains locally prepended AS 20 as well as AS 10:

R1#show ip bgp neighbor 10.1.0.2 received-routes | begin ^$
 
   Network     Next Hop      Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*  172.16.0.0  10.1.0.2           0             0 20 10 i

To fix this problem, you either have to include local AS in the AS-path access-list or use the no-prepend option of the neighbor local-as command.