Networking Fundamentals
I firmly believe that you cannot be a good networking engineer1 without a firm grasp of the networking fundamentals, and I couldn’t resist pointing that out a few times (see also certifications-related posts):
Regardless of how far down this page you’ll get, these blog posts are a must-read:
I would also suggest exploring these series of blog posts as well as textbooks and other resources I collected:
- Interfaces and Ports
- Packet Forwarding Basics
- Integrated Routing and Bridging (IRB) Designs
- IP Anycast and Anycast Gateways
- Site and Host Multihoming
- High Availability Switching
- Fast Failover
- Unnumbered IPv4 Interfaces
- CLI versus API
- Network State Consistency
The rest of the fundamentals-related blog posts are collected on this page.
Contents |
Network Addressing
Addresses and routes are the basic concepts anyone dealing with a network must (eventually) grasp. These blog posts describe how we got a hierarchy of addresses:
I also compared the device addresses (used in OSI) and interface addresses (used in TCP/IP):
Bridging, Routing, and Switching
There is a single reason we build computer networks (apart from job security): we want them to transport data between the attached endpoints. These blog posts describe some of the interesting details:
Deep Dives
These blog posts dive deeper into interesting topics:
If you like them, it’s probably time you start exploring the deep-dive series I already mentioned.
A Bit of a History
These blog posts might help you figure out some less obvious details or give you a historical perspective on why networking technologies evolved to where we are right now:
If you want to dive deeper into historical technologies, you might enjoy the comparison of TCP/IP and OSI (CLNP) protocol stacks:
There Be Rants
Long-time readers know I can’t resist a good rant:
Everything Is a Graph
You can represent every network as a graph of network devices (nodes) and links2. Rachel Traylor covered the graph theory in the (free) Network Connectivity, Graph Theory, and Reliable Network Design and Graph Algorithms in Networks webinars; these blog posts might provide some extra details:
Networking Fundamentals Videos
Finally, I published dozens of videos describing the networking concepts as part of the How Networks Really Work webinar that got at least some minor positive feedback. The videos describe:
Business aspects of networking technologies
Some people liked the non-technical take on networking I recorded in 2019 and 2020:
Fallacies of distributed computing
Networking challenges and the importance of a layered approach
Network Addressing
Switching, Routing, and Bridging
Routing Protocols
Lessons Learned from 35 Years of Networking
Other Blog Posts in This Category
- 2026-01
- 2025-06
- 2025-05
- 2025-04
- 2025-03
- 2024-10
- 2024-03
- 2024-02
- 2024-01
- 2023-11
- 2023-10
- 2023-09
- 2023-06
- 2023-02
- 2023-01
- 2022-11
- 2022-09
- 2022-06
- 2022-05
- 2022-04
- 2022-03
- 2022-02
- 2022-01
- 2021-11
- 2021-10
- 2021-09
- 2021-06
- 2021-05
- 2021-04
- 2021-03
- 2021-02
- 2021-01
- 2020-12
- 2020-11
- 2020-10
- 2020-09
- 2020-08
- 2020-05
- 2020-04
- 2020-03
- 2020-02
- 2020-01
- 2019-11
- 2019-10
- 2019-09
- 2019-08
- 2015-03
- 2011-02
- 2010-07
- 2009-12
- 2009-08